Nigeria CBN Survey Shows Inflation Still Feels High

That gap matters because inflation is not just a statistic for consumers — it shapes spending, wage demands, business planning and policy credibility. When households still feel prices are climbing quickly, they typically stay cautious, delay discretionary purchases and press harder for higher pay, even if the official rate is cooling. For investors, that means the underlying demand recovery in Africa’s biggest economy may remain uneven, especially in consumer-facing sectors.

The CBN’s Inflation Perception Index rose to 43.1 points in September from 39.6 in August, while the share of all respondents who said inflation was high climbed to 69.5% from 64.3%. Households were more downbeat than businesses, but firms were not much more optimistic, with 62.6% saying inflation was high versus 61.8% a month earlier.

The survey suggests inflation pain is still spreading unevenly across the economy. Rural households reported a higher perception of inflation than urban ones, at 79.1% versus 76.2%, while lower-income families felt the squeeze most acutely. Among households earning below 70,000 naira a month, 80.0% said inflation was high, underscoring how food, transport and utility costs continue to hit the most vulnerable hardest.

Businesses are feeling the pressure too. More firms than households said inflation had lifted their spending, with 62.3% of businesses reporting higher expenditure because of inflation compared with 58.8% of households. Micro enterprises were the most squeezed among firms, with 67.3% describing inflation as high. That matters for employment and output because smaller companies tend to have the thinnest margins and the least pricing power.

Respondents pointed to energy costs, interest rates, exchange rates and insecurity as the main drivers of their inflation perception. That mix is important: it shows Nigeria’s inflation problem is not simply about one-off food shocks, but about a broader cost structure tied to power, financing, currency weakness and security frictions. In other words, even if the headline inflation rate keeps easing, everyday price pressure can remain stubborn.

There is, however, a more encouraging message in the survey. Households and businesses expect inflation to moderate gradually over the next three and six months, and the CBN said inflation-related spending pressures should ease over that horizon. The Inflation Expectations Index at 25.1 points sat well below the perception index, suggesting respondents see near-term pain easing even if they do not yet feel relief.